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Gangrene is caused by death of tissue (ie tissue necrosis).
It can be caused by infection, but is very often caused by tissue ischaemia (insufficient blood flow to tissue). This can either be microvascular or macrovascular. Often ischaemia is due to atheromatous plaques (blockages in the vessels) but it can also be caused by vasculitis or other causes of blocking or narrowing of blood vessels (eg sickle cell anaemia).
People with diabetes mellitus are at extra risk of both microvascular and macrovascular insufficiency. Smokers are also at greater risk. Naturally, people with vascular disease in other parts of the body (eg ischaemic heart disease or carotid artery stenosis) are usually at risk of ischaemic disease in other parts of the body.
If they tried to use a stent, it would indicate to me that there was probably some macrovascular disease (ie atheroma in one of the arteries supplying the foot). Stents are useful if the atheromatous plaque is reasonably discrete, but if there is extensive narrowing, a stent is probably not going to do the trick.
If it is possible to bypass the blockages, a bypass graft can be attempted, but that depends on again the extensiveness of the disease and the physical health of the patient (ie is the risk of a longish and complex operation greater than the expected benefit).
So the gangrene may or may not have been a result of 'negligence'. I really don't think we can say without all the facts.
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